Ekufuneni ukuzinza, izinzwa zinciphisa amaxesha okujikeleza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nenkunkuma, ngokuzenzekelayo ulawulo lwenkqubo evaliweyo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi, ukuvula amathuba amatsha okuvelisa ngobuchule kunye nezakhiwo.#sensors #sustainability #SHM
Izinzwa ngakwesobunxele (phezulu ukuya ezantsi): ubushushu bokushisa (TFX), i-dielectrics ye-mold (i-Lambient), i-ultrasonics (iYunivesithi yase-Augsburg), i-dielectrics elahlayo (i-Synthesites) kunye naphakathi kweepennies kunye ne-thermocouples Microwire (AvPro) .Igrafu (phezulu, ngasekunene): I-Collo dielectric constant (CP) ngokuchasene ne-Collo ionic viscosity (CIV), ukumelana ne-resin kunye nexesha (Ii-Synthesites) kunye nemodeli yedijithali ye-caprolactam efakwe ngaphambili i-preforms usebenzisa i-electromagnetic sensors (iprojekthi yeCosiMo, i-DLR ZLP, iYunivesithi yase-Augsburg).
Njengoko ishishini lehlabathi liqhubeka nokuvela kubhubhani we-COVID-19, liye latshintshela ekubekeni phambili uzinzo, nto leyo efuna ukunciphisa inkcitho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo (njengamandla, amanzi kunye nemathiriyeli). .Kodwa oku kufuna ulwazi.Kwii-composites, ivela phi le datha?
Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-CW's 2020 Composites 4.0 series of articles, ichaza imilinganiselo efunekayo ukuphucula umgangatho wenxalenye kunye nemveliso, kunye neenzwa ezifunekayo ukufezekisa loo milinganiselo, linyathelo lokuqala kwi-smart production.Ngethuba le-2020 kunye ne-2021, i-CW yabika malunga neenzwa-dielectric. abenzi boluvo, izinzwa zobushushu bobushushu, i-fiber optic sensors, kunye ne-non-contact sensors isebenzisa amaza e-ultrasonic kunye ne-electromagnetic-kunye iiprojekthi ezibonisa izakhono zabo (jonga i-CW's online sensor content set) .Eli nqaku lakha kule ngxelo ngokuxoxa nge-sensor ezisetyenziswa kwizinto ezidibeneyo, iinzuzo zabo ezithenjisiweyo kunye nemingeni, kunye ne-technology landscape phantsi kophuhliso. Ishishini le-composites sele lihlola kwaye lihamba kule ndawo.
Inethiwekhi ye-Sensor kwi-CosiMo Uthungelwano lwe-74 sensors - i-57 yazo i-ultrasonic sensors ephuhliswe kwiYunivesithi yase-Augsburg (eboniswe ngakwesokudla, amachaphaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwisiqingatha esiphezulu kunye nesisezantsi sokungunda) - zisetyenziselwa i-Di demonstrator ye-T-RTM ukubumba iprojekthi ye-CosiMo yeebhetri ezihlanganisiweyo ze-thermoplastic. Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Iprojekthi ye-CosiMo, i-DLR ZLP Augsburg, iYunivesithi yase-Augsburg
Injongo #1: Gcina imali. Ibhlog yeCW kaDisemba ka-2021, "IiSensors ze-Ultrasonic zesiko loPhuculo lweNkqubo eDityanisiweyo kunye noLawulo," ichaza umsebenzi kwiYunivesithi yaseAugsburg (UNA, Augsburg, eJamani) ukuphuhlisa inethiwekhi ye-74 sensors ukuba iCosiMo Iprojekthi yokwenza i-demonstrator ye-EV ye-cover yebhetri (izinto ezidibeneyo kuthutho oluhlakaniphile). (T-RTM), eyenza i-polymerizes caprolactam monomer in situ ibe yi-polyamide 6 (PA6) composite.Markus Sause, uNjingalwazi kwi-UNA kunye neNtloko ye-UNA's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Network Network Production e-Augsburg, ichaza ukuba kutheni izinzwa zibaluleke kakhulu: " Inzuzo enkulu esiyinikelayo kukubonwa kwento eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwebhokisi emnyama ngexesha lokucubungula. Okwangoku, uninzi lwabavelisi baneenkqubo ezilinganiselweyo zokufezekisa oku. Umzekelo, basebenzisa i-sensor ezilula kakhulu okanye ezikhethekileyo xa besebenzisa i-resin infusion ukwenza iindawo ezinkulu ze-aerospace. Ukuba inkqubo yokufakwa ayihambanga kakuhle, ngokusisiseko uneqhekeza elikhulu lesilahlwa. Kodwa ukuba unezisombululo zesisombululo sokuqonda ukuba yintoni engahambi kakuhle kwinkqubo yemveliso kwaye kutheni, ungayilungisa kwaye uyilungise, ulondoloze imali eninzi. ”
I-Thermocouples ngumzekelo "wenzwa elula okanye ekhethekileyo" esetyenzisiweyo amashumi eminyaka ukujonga ubushushu be-laminates edibeneyo ngexesha lokunyanga kwe-autoclave okanye i-oven. abavelisi be-thermal. Abavelisi be-resin basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoluvo kwilebhu ukujonga utshintsho kwi-resin viscosity ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nobushushu ukuphuhlisa unyango. ukwakheka.Yintoni ephumayo, nangona kunjalo, inethiwekhi yenzwa enokuthi ibone kwaye ilawule inkqubo yokuvelisa kwi-situ ngokusekelwe kwiiparamitha ezininzi (umzekelo, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo) kunye nesimo sezinto eziphathekayo (umzekelo, i-viscosity, aggregation, crystallization).
Ngokomzekelo, i-sensor ye-ultrasonic iphuhliswe kwiprojekthi ye-CosiMo isebenzisa imigaqo efanayo yokuhlola i-ultrasonic, eye yaba yinto ephambili yovavanyo olungonakalisi (NDI) lwamacandelo adibeneyo agqityiweyo.Petros Karapapas, iNjineli eyiNjineli eMeggitt (Loughborough, UK), Uthe: "Injongo yethu kukunciphisa ixesha kunye nomsebenzi ofunekayo wokuhlolwa emva kokuveliswa kwezinto ezizayo njengoko sisiya kwimveliso yedijithali." I-Materials Centre (NCC, Bristol, UK) intsebenziswano ukubonisa ukubekwa esweni kwe-Solvay (Alpharetta, GA, USA) EP 2400 ring ngexesha le-RTM isebenzisa i-sensor ye-dielectric ye-linear ephuhliswe kwiYunivesithi yaseCranfield (eCranfield, e-UK) Ukuhamba kunye nokunyangwa kwe-oxyresin ukwenzela 1.3 m ubude, 0.8 m ububanzi kunye 0.4 m ubunzulu obuhlanganisiweyo iqokobhe kubushushu benjini yenqwelo moya "Njengoko sijonge indlela yokwenza iindibano ezinkulu ezinemveliso ephezulu, asikwazanga ukwenza lonke uhlolo lwesiqhelo lwasemva kokwenziwa komsebenzi kunye novavanyo kuyo yonke indawo," utshilo uKarapapas."Okwangoku, senza iipaneli zovavanyo ecaleni la macandelo e-RTM kwaye emva koko wenze uvavanyo lomatshini ukuze uqinisekise umjikelo wonyango. Kodwa ngale sensor, ayiyomfuneko. ”
I-Collo Probe igxininiswe kwisitya sokuxuba ipeyinti (isangqa esiluhlaza phezulu) ukubona xa ukuxuba kugqityiwe, ukonga ixesha kunye namandla.Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: ColloidTek Oy
“Injongo yethu asikokuba sesinye isixhobo selabhoratri, kodwa kukujolisa kwiinkqubo zemveliso,” utshilo uMatti Järveläinen, iCEO kunye nomseki weColloidTek Oy (eKolo, eTampere, eFinland). I-CW kaJanuwari ka-2022 ibhlog ethi "Fingerprint Liquids for Composites" iphonononga iCollo's. indibaniselwano ye-electromagnetic field (EMF) izinzwa, ukusetyenzwa komqondiso kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha ukulinganisa "iminwe" yalo naluphi na ulwelo olufana iimonomers, iiresin okanye izinto zokuncamathelisa .“Into esiyinikelayo bubuchwepheshe obutsha obubonelela ngengxelo ethe ngqo ngexesha lokwenyani, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngcono indlela esebenza ngayo ngokwenene inkqubo yakho kwaye usabele xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle,” utshilo uJärveläinen. idatha yexesha ibe yizixa zomzimba eziqondakalayo nezinokwenzeka, ezifana ne-rheological viscosity, evumela ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo. Umzekelo, unokunciphisa amaxesha okuxuba kuba unokubona ngokucacileyo xa ukuxuba kuphelile. Ke ngoko, kunye Ungonyusa imveliso, wonge amandla kwaye unciphise i-scrap xa kuthelekiswa nokulungiswa okuncinci.
Injongo #2: Ukwandisa ulwazi lwenkqubo kunye nokubonwayo. Kwiinkqubo ezifana nokuhlanganiswa, u-Järveläinen uthi, "Awuboni ulwazi oluninzi kwi-snapshot. Uthatha nje isampuli kwaye ungene kwi-lab kwaye ujonge ukuba bekunjani kwimizuzu okanye kwiiyure ezidlulileyo. Kufana nokuqhuba kuhola wendlela, iyure nganye Vula amehlo akho umzuzu uze uzame ukuqikelela ukuba iya phi na indlela.” USause uyavuma, ephawula ukuba inethiwekhi yenzwa ephuhliswe kwi-CosiMo "isinceda ukuba sifumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wenkqubo kunye nokuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo. Sinokubona imiphumo yendawo kwinkqubo, ekuphenduleni Ukwahluka kwinxalenye yobunzima okanye izinto ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-foam core. Into esizama ukuyenza kukubonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuba kwenzekani ngokwenene kubumba. Oku kusivumela ukuba sigqibe ngeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngemilo ye-flow front, ukufika kwexesha ngalinye kunye neqondo lokudityaniswa kwindawo nganye yoluvo.
I-Collo isebenza kunye nabavelisi be-epoxy adhesives, iipeyinti kunye nobhiya ukudala iiprofayili zenkqubo kwibhetshi nganye eveliswayo.Ngoku wonke umenzi unokujonga ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yabo kwaye usete iiparitha eziphuculweyo, kunye nezilumkiso zokungenelela xa iibhetshi ziphuma kwinkcazo.Oku kunceda. uzinzise kwaye uphucule umgangatho.
Ividiyo ye-flow front kwinxalenye ye-CosiMo (i-injection yokungena lichaphaza elimhlophe embindini) njengomsebenzi wexesha, ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokulinganisa evela kwinethiwekhi ye-sensor e-mold.Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: iprojekthi ye-CosiMo, i-DLR ZLP Augsburg, iYunivesithi yase-Augsburg Augsburg
"Ndifuna ukwazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokwenziwa kwenxalenye, ungayivuli ibhokisi kwaye ndibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emva koko," utshilo uMeggitt's Karapapas. ukuqinisekisa ukunyangwa kwe-resin. Ukusebenzisa zonke iintlobo ezintandathu ze-sensor ezichazwe ngezantsi (kungekhona uluhlu olupheleleyo, ukhetho oluncinci, ababoneleli, nabo), banokubeka iliso kunyango / i-polymerization kunye ne-resin flow.Ezinye izinzwa zinezakhono ezongezelelweyo, kunye neentlobo ze-sensor ezidibeneyo zinokwandisa amathuba okulandelela kunye nokubonwa. ngexesha lokubumba okudibeneyo.Oku kubonakaliswe ngexesha le-CosiMo, esebenzisa i-ultrasonic, i-dielectric kunye ne-piezoresistive in-mode sensors zeqondo lokushisa kunye nemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo. Kistler (eWinterthur, eSwitzerland).
Injongo #3: Ukunciphisa ixesha lomjikelo.Izinzwa ze-Collo zinokulinganisa ukufana kwe-epoxy yamacandelo amabini ngokukhawuleza njengoko iinxalenye A kunye ne-B zixutywe kwaye zijovwe ngexesha le-RTM nakuyo yonke indawo ekubunjeni apho zibekwe khona ezo nzwa. i-resins zonyango olukhawulezayo lwezicelo ezifana ne-Urban Air Mobility (UAM), eya kubonelela ngemijikelo yonyango olukhawulezayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-epoxies enye yangoku efana ne-RTM6.
Abenzi boluvo be-Collo banokubeka iliso kwaye babone i-epoxy ichithwa, ifakwe kwaye iphiliswe, kwaye xa inkqubo nganye igqityiwe.Ukugqiba ukunyanga kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwimeko yokwenyani yezinto ezicutshungulwayo (ngokuchasene nexesha lemveli kunye neeresiphi zokushisa) kubizwa ngokuba yi-state material management. (MSM) .Iinkampani ezifana ne-AvPro (eNorman, e-Oklahoma, eU.SA) zilandela i-MSM amashumi eminyaka ukulandelela utshintsho kwinxalenye yezixhobo kunye neenkqubo njengoko zilandela iithagethi ezithile zeglasi. ukushisa kwenguqu (Tg), i-viscosity, i-polymerization kunye / okanye i-crystallization .Ngokomzekelo, inethiwekhi yeenzwa kunye nohlalutyo lwedijithali kwi-CosiMo yayisetyenziselwa ukugqiba ixesha elincinci elifunekayo ukutshisa i-RTM yokushicilela kunye nokubumba kwaye yafumanisa ukuba i-96% yobuninzi. i-polymerization yafunyanwa kwimizuzu ye-4.5.
Abathengisi be-Dielectric sensor ezifana ne-Lambient Technologies (i-Cambridge, MA, i-USA), i-Netzsch (i-Selb, iJamani) kunye ne-Synthesites (i-Uccle, eBelgium) baye babonisa amandla abo okunciphisa amaxesha okujikeleza. ) kunye neBombardier Belfast (ngoku eyiSpirit AeroSystems (eBelfast, eIreland)) inika ingxelo yokuba isekelwe kwixesha lokwenyani imilinganiselo yokumelana ne-resin kunye nobushushu, ngokusebenzisa iyunithi ye-Optimold yokufumana idatha kunye ne-Optiview Software iguqulela kwi-viscosity eqikelelweyo kunye ne-Tg." of Synthesites.“Akuyomfuneko ukuba balinde ukuze bagqibezele umjikelo we-carryover omde kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Umzekelo, umjikelo wesiqhelo we-RTM6 lunyango olupheleleyo lweyure ezi-2 kwi-180°C. Sibonile ukuba oku kungenziwa mfutshane ukuya kwimizuzu engama-70 kwezinye iijiyometri. Oku kwaboniswa kwakhona kwiprojekthi ye-INNOTOOL 4.0 (jonga "Ukukhawulezisa i-RTM kunye ne-Heat Flux Sensors"), apho ukusetyenziswa kwenzwa yokushisa kunciphise umjikelezo wokunyanga i-RTM6 ukusuka kwi-120 imizuzu ukuya kwi-90 imizuzu.
Injongo #4: Ukulawulwa kwe-loop evaliweyo yeenkqubo eziguquguqukayo.Kwiprojekthi ye-CosiMo, eyona njongo iphambili kukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ulawulo oluvaliweyo ngexesha lokuveliswa kweengxenye ezidibeneyo.Le yinjongo ye-ZAero kunye ne-iComposite 4.0 yeeprojekthi ezichazwe nguCW I-2020 (i-30-50% yokunciphisa iindleko) .Qaphela ukuba ezi zibandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo - ukufakwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-tape ye-prepreg (ZAero) kunye ne-fiber spray preforming xa kuthelekiswa noxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-T-RTM kwi-CosiMo ye-RTM kunye ne-epoxy yokuphilisa ngokukhawuleza (i-iComposite 4.0) .Zonke ezi projekthi zisebenzisa i-sensor kunye neemodeli zedijithali kunye ne-algorithms ukulinganisa inkqubo kunye nokuqikelela umphumo wenxalenye egqityiweyo.
Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo kunokucingwa njengoluhlu lwamanyathelo, i-Sause ichaze.Isinyathelo sokuqala kukudibanisa i-sensor kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza, wathi, "ukubona ngeso lengqondo into eyenzekayo kwibhokisi elimnyama kunye neeparitha zokusebenzisa. Amanye amanyathelo ambalwa, mhlawumbi isiqingatha solawulo oluvaliweyo, luyakwazi ukucofa iqhosha lokumisa ukuze lingenelele, Lungelelanisa inkqubo kwaye uthintele iindawo ezaliwe. Njengenyathelo lokugqibela, unokuphuhlisa iwele ledijithali, elinokuthi lizisebenzele, kodwa likwafuna utyalo-mali kwiindlela zokufunda koomatshini. " Kwi-CosiMo, olu tyalo-mali luvumela abenzi boluvo ukuba bondle idatha kwiwele ledijithali, uhlalutyo lwe-Edge (ubalo olwenziwe kumda womgca wemveliso ngokuchasene nokubalwa okuvela kwindawo yokugcina idatha) isetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukuhamba phambili kwamandla, umthamo we-fiber umthamo kwi-textile preform. kunye neendawo ezomileyo ezinokubakho. ”Ngokunqwenelekayo, unokuseta useto ukuvumela ulawulo lwe-loop evaliweyo kunye nokulungisa inkqubo,” utshilo uSause. ubushushu. Unokusebenzisa le nkcazelo ukwandisa umbandela wakho.”
Ngokwenza njalo, iinkampani zisebenzisa i-sensor ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo.Ngokomzekelo, i-Synthesites isebenza kunye nabathengi bayo ukudibanisa i-sensor kunye nezixhobo zokuvala i-resin inlet xa i-infusion iphelile, okanye uvule umshicileli wokushisa xa unyango olujoliswe kuyo lufezekiswa.
UJärveläinen uphawula ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi inzwa elungele imeko nganye yokusetyenziswa, "kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba loluphi utshintsho kwizinto kunye nenkqubo ofuna ukuyijonga, emva koko kufuneka ube nesihlalutyi." I-analyzer ifumana idatha eqokelelwe ngumhloli-mibuzo okanye iyunithi yokufumana idatha. idatha ekrwada kwaye uyiguqule ibe lulwazi olunokusetyenziswa ngumenzi. "Okunene ubona iinkampani ezininzi ezidibanisa izinzwa, kodwa ke azenzi nto ngedatha," utshilo uSause. Yintoni efunekayo, wachaza, "yinkqubo yokufunyanwa kwedatha, kunye noyilo lokugcinwa kwedatha ukuze ukwazi ukucubungula idatha. "
“Abasebenzisi bokugqibela abafuni nje ukubona idatha ekrwada,” utsho uJärveläinen.” Bafuna ukwazi, ‘Ingaba inkqubo yenziwe yalungiswa?’” Linokuthatyathwa nini inyathelo elilandelayo?” Ukwenza oku, kufuneka udibanise izinzwa ezininzi. kuhlahlelo, kwaye emva koko usebenzise ukufundwa koomatshini ukukhawulezisa inkqubo. ” Olu hlalutyo lwamaphethelo kunye nendlela yokufunda yomatshini esetyenziswa yiqela leCollo kunye neCosiMo inokufezekiswa ngeemephu ze-viscosity, iimodeli zamanani ze-resin flow flow front, kwaye Ukukwazi ekugqibeleni ukulawula iiparitha zenkqubo kunye noomatshini babonwa.
I-Optimold yi-analyzer ephuhliswe yi-Synthesites ye-dielectric sensors.Ilawulwa yi-software ye-Synthesites 'Optiview, iyunithi ye-Optimold isebenzisa imilinganiselo yokushisa kunye ne-resin yokumelana ne-resin ukubala nokubonisa iigrafu zexesha langempela ukujonga imeko ye-resin kubandakanya umxube wokuxuba, ukuguga kweekhemikhali, i-viscosity, i-Tg. kunye neqondo lokunyanga.Inokusetyenziswa kwi-prepreg kunye neenkqubo zokwenza ulwelo.Iyunithi eyahlukileyo i-Optiflow isetyenziselwa ukuhamba. ukubeka iliso.I-Synthesites iye yaphuhlisa i-simulator yokuphilisa engadingi inzwa yokunyanga kwi-mold okanye inxalenye, kodwa endaweni yoko isebenzisa inzwa yokushisa kunye ne-resin / prepreg isampuli kule yunithi yokuhlaziya. indlela yokufakwa kunye nokuncamathelisa ukuvelisa iblade ye-injini yomoya,” utshilo uNikos Pantelelis, uMlawuli weSynthesites.
Iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkqubo ye-Synthesites zidibanisa abenzi boluvo, i-Optiflow kunye/okanye iiyunithi zokufunyanwa kwedatha ye-Optimold, kunye nesoftware ye-OptiView kunye/okanye ye-Online Resin Status (ORS).Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Synthesites, ihlelwe yi-CW
Ngoko ke, abaninzi abanikezeli be-sensor baye baphuhlisa abahlalutyi babo, abanye basebenzisa ukufundwa komatshini kwaye abanye abakwenzi.Kodwa abavelisi abadibeneyo banokuphinda baphuhlise iinkqubo zabo zesiko okanye bathenge izixhobo ezingaphandle kwe-shelf kwaye baziguqule ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile.Nangona kunjalo, amandla okuhlaziya inye kuphela into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.Zininzi ezinye.
Uqhagamshelwano nalo luyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha ukuba yeyiphi inzwa yokusetyenziswa.Inzwa inokufuna ukuba idibane nezinto eziphathekayo, i-interrogator, okanye zombini.Ngokomzekelo, ukufudumala kobushushu kunye neenzwa ze-ultrasonic zingafakwa kwi-RTM mold 1-20mm ukusuka. umphezulu - iliso elichanekileyo alifuni ukudibana nezinto ezikumngundo.Iinzwa ze-Ultrasonic ziyakwazi ukugocagoca iindawo kubunzulu obahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubuninzi obusetyenziswayo.Ii-Collo zoluvo lwe-electromagnetic sensors ziyakwazi ukufunda ubunzulu ulwelo okanye iinxalenye - 2-10 cm, ngokuxhomekeke rhoqo ukugocagocwa - kunye nezikhongozeli non-metallic okanye izixhobo ukudibana nentlaka.
Nangona kunjalo, i-microwires magnetic (bona "Ukujongwa okungadibaniyo nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwee-composites") okwangoku kuphela kwezivamvo ezikwazi ukubuza ii-composites kumgama we-10 cm. ifakwe kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo.Inzwa ye-AvPro's ThermoPulse microwire, efakwe kumaleko wokuncamathelisa, iye yafakwa. ukugocagocwa nge-25mm engqingqwa ye-carbon fiber laminate ukulinganisa ubushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa. Ekubeni i-microwires inoboya obuyi-3-70 microns, ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwe-composite okanye i-bondline. abenzi boluvo nabo banokungeniswa ngaphandle kokuthoba iimpawu zesakhiwo.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukulinganisa, izinzwa zefiber optic kufuneka zibenodibaniso olunentambo. Ngokukwanjalo, ekubeni izinzwa ze-dielectric zisebenzisa i-voltage ukulinganisa iipropati ze-resin, kufuneka kwakhona ziqhagamshelwe kwi-interrogator, kwaye ininzi kufuneka idibane ne-resin abayijongileyo.
I-sensor ye-Collo Probe (phezulu) inokuntywiliselwa kumanzi, ngelixa i-Collo Plate (ezantsi) ifakwe eludongeni lwesitya / isitya sokuxuba okanye inkqubo yombhobho / umgca wokutya.Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: ColloidTek Oy
Umgangatho wokushisa we-sensor yinto enye ephambili yokuqwalaselwa.Ngokomzekelo, ininzi ye-shalf-shelf ultrasonic sensors isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-150 ° C, kodwa iinxalenye kwi-CosiMo kufuneka zenziwe kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-200 ° C. Ngoko ke, i-UNA Kuye kwafuneka ukuba kuyilwe i-ultrasonic sensor kunye nalo mandla.Izinzwa ze-dielectric ezilahlwayo zeLambient zingasetyenziswa kwindawo engaphezulu ukuya kwi-350 ° C, kwaye iphinda isetyenziswe. i-in-mold sensors ingasetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250 ° C. RVmagnetics (Kosice, Slovakia) iphuhlise isivamvo sayo se-microwire sezinto ezidibeneyo ezinokumelana nokunyanga kwi-500 ° C. Ngelixa iteknoloji ye-Collo sensor ngokwayo ayinamda wokushisa wethiyori, ubushushu Ikhaka leglasi yeCollo Plate kunye ne polyetheretherketone entsha (PEEK) yezindlu zeCollo Probe zombini zivavanywa ngokuqhubekayo. umsebenzi kwi-150 ° C, ngokutsho kweJärveläinen.Ngeli xesha, i-PhotonFirst (i-Alkmaar, e-Netherlands) isebenzise i-polyimide coating ukubonelela ukushisa okusebenzayo kwe-350 ° C kwi-fiber optic sensor yayo yeprojekthi ye-SuCoHS, ukwenzela ukugcinwa kunye neendleko eziphezulu. -iqondo lobushushu elihlanganisiweyo.
Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe, ngokukodwa ukufakela, ingaba i-sensor imilinganiselo kwindawo enye okanye i-sensor ye-linear eneendawo ezininzi zokuva.Ngokomzekelo, i-Com & Sens (Eke, eBelgium) i-fiber optic sensors ingaba yi-100 yeemitha ubude kwaye ibonise phezulu. ukuya kwi-40 i-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) iindawo zokuva kunye nesithuba esincinci se-1 cm. Iibhulorho ezidityanisiweyo eziziimitha ezingama-66 ubude kunye nokubekwa esweni kokuhamba kwentlaka ngexesha lokufakwa kweedekhi zebhulorho enkulu.Ukufaka izixhobo zoluvo zomntu ngamnye kwiprojekthi enjalo kuya kufuna inani elikhulu lezivamvo kunye nexesha elininzi lofakelo.I-NCC kunye neYunivesithi yaseCranfield zenza izibonelelo ezifanayo kumgca wazo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-dielectric sensors ye-single-point ezinikezelwa yi-Lambient, i-Netzsch kunye ne-Synthesites, "Ngenzwa yethu yomgca, sinokujonga ukuhamba kwe-resin. ngokuqhubekayo ngobude, nto leyo inciphisa kakhulu inani labenzi boluvo abafunekayo kwinxalenye okanye isixhobo.
I-AFP NLR ye-Fiber Optic Sensors Iyunithi ekhethekileyo idibaniswe kwi-channel ye-8 ye-Coriolis AFP intloko yokubeka i-fiber optic sensor arrays ezine kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, i-carbon fiber iqiniswe iphaneli yovavanyo oludibeneyo.Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Iprojekthi ye-SuCoHS, i-NLR
I-sensors ze-linear nazo zinceda ukufakwa kwe-automate.Kwiprojekthi ye-SuCoHS, i-Royal NLR (i-Dutch Aerospace Centre, i-Marknesse) iphuhlise iyunithi ekhethekileyo edibeneyo kwi-channel ye-8 ye-Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) intloko ye-Coriolis Composites (iQueven, eFransi) ukuze ifake ii-arrays ezine ( imigca yefiber optic eyahlukileyo), nganye inezinzwa ze-5 ukuya kwezi-6 ze-FBG (i-PhotonFirst inika i-23 iyonke i-sensor), I-RVmagnetics ibeke i-microwire sensors yayo kwi-pultruded GFRP rebar. -umseki weRVmagnetics. “Unocingo oluncinci olune-1km microwire. iikhoyili zefilament kwaye zondle kwindawo yokuvelisa i-rebar ngaphandle kokutshintsha indlela eyenziwe ngayo. Okwangoku, i-Com & Sens isebenza kwitekhnoloji ezenzekelayo yokushumeka i-fiber-optic sensors ngexesha lenkqubo yokujika i-filament kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo.
Ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqhuba umbane, i-carbon fiber inokubangela iingxaki kwi-dielectric sensors.I-dielectric sensors zisebenzisa i-electrode ezimbini ezibekwe kufutshane enye kwenye. Kule meko, sebenzisa isihluzi. I-sensor ye-dielectric ye-linear ephuhliswe yiYunivesithi yaseCranfield kunye ne-NCC isebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo, kubandakanywa izibini ezimbini eziphothiweyo zobhedu. ngepolymer ekhuselayo engachaphazeli intsimi yombane, kodwa ithintela i-carbon fiber ukuba ingabikho.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ixabiso likwangumcimbi.I-Com & Sens ithi i-avareji yeendleko kwi-FBG sensing point yi-50-125 euro, enokuthi yehle ukuya kuma-euro angama-25-35 ukuba isetyenziswe kwiibhetshi (umzekelo, kwiinqanawa ze-100,000 zoxinzelelo). iqhezu kuphela langoku kunye nomthamo oqikelelweyo wemveliso yeenqanawa ezidibeneyo zoxinzelelo, bona i-CW's 2021 inqaku kwi-hydrogen.) Meggit's UKarapapas uthi ufumene unikezelo ngemigca yefiber optic ene-FBG sensors ezixabisa i-£250/sensor (≈300€/sensor), umntu ogocagoca imibuzo uxabisa malunga ne-£10,000 (€12,000).” ucingo onokuluthenga eshelufini,” wongeze watsho.” Umgocagoci esiwusebenzisayo,” wongezelela u-Alex Skordos, umfundi (ophezulu. umphandi) kwiComposites Process Science kwiYunivesithi yaseCranfield, "yi-impedance analyzer, ichaneke kakhulu kwaye ixabisa i-£ 30,000 ubuncinane [≈ €36,000], Kodwa i-NCC isebenzisa i-interrogator elula kakhulu equka iimodyuli ezingaphandle kweshelufu. kwinkampani yorhwebo Advise Deta [Bedford, UK].” I-Synthesites icaphula i-€ 1,190 ye-in-mold sensors kunye ne-€20 yokusetyenziswa okukodwa / i-sensor yecandelo Kwi-EUR, i-Optiflow icatshulwa kwi-EUR 3,900 kunye ne-Optimold ye-EUR 7,200, kunye nezaphulelo ezikhulayo kwiiyunithi ezininzi zokuhlalutya.La maxabiso aquka i-software ye-Optiview inkxaso efunekayo, uPantelelis uthe, wongeza ukuba abavelisi be-wind blade bagcina iiyure eziyi-1.5 ngomjikelo ngamnye, yongeza iiblades ngomgca ngamnye ngenyanga, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngeepesenti ezingama-20, kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali lweenyanga ezine kuphela.
Iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-sensor ziya kufumana inzuzo njengoko i-composites i-4.0 yokuvelisa i-digital evolves.Ngokomzekelo, uthi uGrégoire Beauduin, uMlawuli woPhuhliso lwezoShishino kwi-Com & Sens, "Njengoko abavelisi beenqanawa zoxinzelelo bezama ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko, banokusebenzisa iinzwa zethu ukulungelelanisa. Uyilo lwazo kunye nokubeka iliso kwimveliso njengoko befikelela kumanqanaba afunekayo ngo-2030. Izinzwa ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amanqanaba oxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweeleya ngexesha lokujika kwe-filament. kunye nokunyanga kunokubeka iliso kwingqibelelo yetanki ngexesha lamawaka emijikelo yokugalela i-refueling, ukuqikelela ukugcinwa okufunekayo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwakhona ekupheleni kobomi bokuyila. Singakwazi Idijithi yedatha yamawele edijithali ibonelelwe kuyo yonke inqanawa yoxinzelelo edibeneyo eveliswayo, kwaye isisombululo sikwaphuhliselwa iisathelayithi. "
Ukuvumela amawele edijithali kunye neentambo I-Com & Sens isebenza kunye nomvelisi we-composites ukusebenzisa i-fiber optic sensors yayo ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba kwedatha yedijithali ngokuyila, ukuveliswa kunye nenkonzo (ekunene) ukuxhasa amakhadi e-ID yedijithali axhasa iwele ledijithali lenxalenye nganye (ngasekhohlo) eyenziwe. Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: I-Com & Sens kunye ne-Figure 1, "Ubunjineli kunye neeNjineli zeDijithali" nguV. Singh, K. Wilcox.
Ngaloo ndlela, idatha ye-sensor isekela i-digital twin, kunye nentambo yedijithali edibanisa ukuyila, ukuveliswa, ukusebenza kwenkonzo kunye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi.Xa ihlalutywa ngokusebenzisa i-intelligence yokufakelwa kunye nokufunda ngomatshini, le datha ibuyisela kuyilo kunye nokucubungula, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza. iphinde yatshintsha indlela amakhonkco okubonelela asebenza ngayo kunye.Ngokomzekelo, umenzi we-adhesive Kiilto (Tampere, Finland) usebenzisa i-Collo sensors ukunceda abathengi bayo balawule umlinganiselo wamacandelo A, B, njl. kwisixhobo sabo sokuncamathelisa esinamacandelo amaninzi.” IKiilto ngoku inokuhlengahlengisa ukwakheka kwezinto ezincamathelayo kubathengi ngabanye, utshilo uJärveläinen, “kodwa ikwavumela uKiilto ukuba aqonde ukuba iirasi zidibana njani kwiinkqubo zabathengi, kunye nendlela abathengi abanxibelelana ngayo. iimveliso zabo, nto leyo etshintsha indlela unikezelo lwenziwa. Amatyathanga angasebenzisana.”
I-OPTO-Light isebenzisa i-Kistler, i-Netzsch kunye ne-Synthesites sensors ukujonga ukunyanga kwiindawo ze-epoxy ze-CFRP ze-thermoplastic. Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: AZL
IiSensors zikwaxhasa izinto ezintsha ezintsha kunye nokudibanisa inkqubo.Ichazwe kwi-CW's 2019 inqaku kwiprojekthi ye-OPTO-Light (bona "I-Thermoplastic Overmolding Thermosets, i-2-Minute Cycle, ibhetri enye"), i-AZL Aachen (Aachen, eJamani) isebenzisa amanyathelo amabini. inkqubo yokucinezela ngokuthe tye enye ukuya (UD) carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg, emva koko igudiswe ngokugqithisileyo nge 30% iglasi emfutshane ifayibha eyomeleziweyo PA6.Isitshixo kukunyanga kuphela ngokuyinxenye i-prepreg ukuze i-reactivity eseleyo kwi-epoxy ikwazi ukwenza ibhondi kwi-thermoplastic.AZL isebenzisa i-Optimold kunye ne-Netzsch DEA288 Epsilon analyzers kunye ne-Synthesites kunye ne-Netzsch zoluvo lwe-dielectric kunye ne-Kistler kwi- -izinzwa zomngundo kunye nesoftware yeDataFlow yokuphucula ukubumba inaliti. ”Kufuneka ube nayo ukuqonda okunzulu kwenkqubo yokubumba i-prepreg yoxinzelelo kuba kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uyayiqonda imeko yonyango ukuze ufezekise uxhulumaniso oluhle kwi-thermoplastic overmolding," kuchaza injineli yophando ye-AZL uRichard Schares. "Kwixesha elizayo, inkqubo inokuguquguquka kwaye ikrelekrele, ukujikeleza kwenkqubo kubangelwa ziimpawu zoluvo."
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxaki esisiseko, utsho uJärveläinen, “kwaye oko kukungaqondi kwabathengi ngendlela yokudibanisa ezi zivamvo zahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zabo. Uninzi lweenkampani azinazo iingcali zoluvo. ” Okwangoku, indlela eya phambili ifuna abavelisi beenzwa kunye nabathengi Utshintshiselwano ngolwazi emva naphambili.Imibutho efana ne-AZL, i-DLR (i-Augsburg, eJamani) kunye ne-NCC iphuhlisa ubuchule beenzwa ezininzi.USause uthe kukho amaqela ngaphakathi kwe-UNA, kunye ne-spin-off. Iinkampani ezibonelela ngokudityaniswa kwenzwa kunye neenkonzo zamawele edijithali. Wongezelela ukuba inethiwekhi yemveliso ye-Augsburg AI iqeshe indawo ye-7,000-square-meter kule njongo, "ukwandisa Iplani yophuhliso ye-CosiMo kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu, kubandakanywa iiseli ezizenzekelayo eziqhagamshelweyo, apho amaqabane oshishino anokubeka oomatshini, aqhube iiprojekthi kwaye afunde ukudibanisa izisombululo ze-AI ezitsha.
UCarapappas uthe i-Meggitt's dielectric sensor demonstration kwi-NCC yayilinyathelo lokuqala kuloo nto. imfuno kwaye zeziphi izixhobo zokuodola. I-Digital automation iyaphuhla.
Wamkelekile kwi-intanethi ye-SourceBook, ehambelana noshicilelo lonyaka lwe-CompositesWorld lweSikhokelo soMthengi we-SourceBook Composites Industry.
I-Spirit AeroSystems izalisekisa i-Airbus Smart Design ye-A350 Centre Fuselage kunye ne-Front Spars e-Kingston, NC.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-20-2022
